Admission for EMBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Confirmation for EMBA - Essay Example 1. I will finish my graduation instruction inside the specified timeframe and accomplish great scholarly outcomes, obtain information on key zones which will help in conditioning up my administration related abilities. I need to effectively finish the Masters in Business Administration course work first inside the course span. . So as to work in a worldwide association I need to focus on comprehension multi social correspondence. The college offers incredible chance and during my course work I will gain related information. My transient objectives depend fair and square of feasibility they have. Contemplating the present status of my profession my need will be intensely on finishing my Masters in Business Administration course in a successful way. Over the term of the program I will focus on upgrading my correspondence, initiative and other such aptitudes expected of a business head in tasks of an association. Endless supply of the course I need to have the option to devise a CV that is explicit to the business organization field, which will help improve the possibilities of me accomplishing work in a main association working on a worldwide scale. I will present all business related to course in a way that gives amazing outcomes. I will beat all understudies engaged with the course. I will utilize openings gave by the college during my instruction to get increasingly educated on both the hypothetical and commonsense ideas of the executives. The time size of fulfillment of my course work must be in correspondence to the end date indicated by the University for my business organization Course Work. The advancement that I am ready to accomplish will be consistently estimated on semester premise to guarantee I am in track so as to accomplish my profession objectives. My momentary objectives are to go to all course related classes and participate in workshops sorted out at

Comparison of Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park and The North Lynnwood Neighbourhood Park

1 Section FOUR Examination, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Introduction This section will be examine and clarifies about the investigation and discoveries which from two notice surveies each piece great as the writing reappraisal through relative examination. The features that will be utilized to think about are site foundation, end and configuration assault, plan design, comfortss, hardscape and softscape decision, handiness and dissemination each piece great as the exercises. Those perspective are considered the reliable from writing reappraisal to be part of urban park configuration arranging. This section will plug up with treatment of investigation between both park which are Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park each piece great as The North Lynnwood Park 4.2. Site Background Both of Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park and The North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park are diverse kind of park yet those park are comparable in utilizing Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ( CPTED ) rules which looks for to hold a nothing offense in the recreation center. Table 4.1 shows the looking at of fundamental foundation for both Parkss. Table 4.1 Comparison of site foundation for both Parkss.Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Neighborhood ParkThe North Lynnwood Neighborhood ParkEntire nation: 17 estates.Built by Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission ( M-NCPPC ) Parks in 1962.Include public venue, highlights resort zones, a softball field, two multiuse Fieldss, four tennis courts, a football or affiliation football field and an excursion country.Entire nation: 6 estates.Developed in 1970 and started by Lynnwood Elementary School teachers, each piece great as the pupils.Include enormous dynamic dramatization, outing nation, an out-of-entryway open introduction boundless, shower Parkss and new show hardware known as â€Å"Dragon Park† .Based on the plain exhibit above, both Parkss draw in open on the grounds that it’s activity as a topographic point for mingle each piece great as there are other than given a few preoccupation establishments to recreational exercises. The Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park comprise of a few establishments inside the recreation center which might be utilized by clump of individ uals in a single clasp. When contrasted with the North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park, it is other than comprise of establishments as common for a recreation center, however the figure of client might be to some degree unique. 4.3 Goal and configuration assault Objective and configuration assault is of import and considered in configuration arranging in light of impossible to miss Parkss must lies on that aspect. These aspect depends on how the end will be accomplished through the chose assault in building up a decent park. From both notice surveies, it appear that both park have their ain end however utilized a similar assault which is CPTED to achieve a decent park. For Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park, it need to make a fruitful park each piece great as the detached endless framework in the great beyond through the concocting of bing Parkss and loosened infinites as utile and alluring as could be expected under the circumstances furthermore making the privilege each piece great as appropriate of new comfortss and linkages inside the recreation center. The North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park other than have about a similar reason which is to flexibly fitting new redirection establishments each piece great as redevelop the bing 1s and make another out-of-entryway open introduction unbounded for Lynnwood Elementary School understudies and inhabitants. In any case, both Parkss need to achieve the reason through a few points that may be extraordinary. Table 4.2 The distinction points utilized by both Parkss to achieve the end.Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Nearby ParkThe North Lynnwood Neighborhood ParkI. Flexibly more perceivability to other establishments in the recreation center, for example, the resort region, loops and others. two. Better a superior course control in covering with vehicular and common traffic. three. Gracefully better regular reconnaissance for the individuals who entered the park.I. Gracefully establishments for preoccupation exercises dependent on the client needs. two. Create recreational assets and chances that are worked in the scene and open air climate that may incorporate strolling, running, biking each piece great as proceeding with the characteristic countries.Harmonizing to the looking at of two notice surveies, both park are taking about a similar end however unique way to achieve it yet at the same time dependent on CPTED rules. The Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park is in a roundabout way giving a comfortable and made sure about environment for the clients as to permit the unwinding for better characteristic observation and flexibly more perceivability to different establishments. Contrasted with The North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park had expected to fix up the establishments with the upgraded one inside the recreation center to improve climate as the recreation center is utilized by the school kids each piece great as the inhabitants which to keep up out fear of offenses. 4.4 Design Layout A decent park configuration is because of the arranging of a decent format puting which is the privilege and fit blend of workss each piece great as the qualities will make a satisfying visual perspective and an earth cordial design which mean a more secure park. Through the two notice surveies, the structure format was contrasted with discover the plan which sing the offense bar plans. Table 4.3 The distinction structure design of two notice surveies.Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Nearby ParkThe North Lynnwood Neighborhood ParkRosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park was organizing inside the recreation center connected to one another of the pathway and the cycleway each piece great as the planting technique. These are the likelihood to make concealing interminable inside the full format of the park.The Gwendolyn Coffield Community Center turns into a point of convergence of the recreation center since the establishments gave are around the centre.The establishments that are given is assigned to be at the outskirt of the recreation center edge to ensure the normal reconnaissance inside the park.The North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park is structured by situating the circling pathway at the focal point of the recreation center to be the point of convergence. The mundane paseo was made to support by trees and other plantings.The plan of the recreation center each piece great as the outer format providing more incorporation of corners that can shroud individuals by twen ty-four hours or dark.The planting technique gives the obstructor of public’s position as the basic planting is planted at the edge of the recreation center each piece great as to deny course to offense marks and to cause a perceptual encounter of dangers To wrongdoers.based on the plain exhibit over, the dissemination and pathway each piece great as the cycleway is suitable to the structure counsel for both Parkss as a decent park structure. These is intended to let strolling inside the recreation center each piece great as such a craving lines for the clients. Planting technique other than played a similar capacity of flow, pathway and cycleway because of the CPTED rules which is the regular dish control. Aside from that, both park have their ain point of convergence which is a topographic point that individuals will gather or play around. For Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park, the public venue appeared in Figure 3.6 go about as a point of convergence of the recreation center in light of the fact that the establishments gave are around the middle which is to ensure the normal observation inside the recreation center. While point of convergence for the North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park is the circling pathway as a result of its place which is at the focal point of the recreation center. The point of convergence is one of the aspect for a decent park plan that go about as characteristic observation. 4.5 Comfortss, hardscape and softscape decision Comfortss and hardscape decision of urban park is reasonable to be contrasted and taking a gander at the offense bar aspect as these gave in those park is impact to make cultural association among the clients. For softscape decision each piece great as finishing played capacity to elevate the regular appropriateness in the recreation center. It is of import, by the by, to ensure that overwhelming leaf and improper planting does non take to risks for protection and conceivable offense. Table 4.4 Comparison of comfortss, hardscape decision for both Parkss.Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Nearby ParkThe North Lynnwood Neighborhood ParkA huge detached space/resort areaA multi-use football and affiliation football fieldA baseball fieldTwo tennis tribunalsOne and a half bands tribunalsCommunity centreSecurity illuming inside the parkSpray parkReservable field day installationsLarge dynamic dramatization countriesPlay EquipmentBasketball CourtOutdoor Stages/Performance AreaPublic toiletsParkingBased on the plain exhibit 4.4, the comfortss each piece great as the hardscape gave in Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Local Park are available in footings of security feature as the qualities is obliging security segment as the comfortss and the boundless gave can make a cultural environment. Blending to Cranz ( 1982 ) , individuals will use the recreation center for their agreeable limitless where individuals get the chance to use fleeting scene, run into companions do other recreational exercises. Contrasted with The North Lynnwood Neighborhood Park, the recreation center gave great comfortss, yet the hardscape qualities of the recreation center is fairly inconsistent to back up the security condition. Table 4.5 Comparison of softscape decision for both Parkss.Rosemary Hills-Lyttonsville Nearby ParkThe North Lynnwood Neighborhood ParkThe park incorporates around 70 % of plantings. This is conceivable to do a here now gone again later nation each piece great as to gracefully screen for related and fit activities.The planting decision need to suit the neighborhood nature and recreational context.The workss decision is making a structure which is covering at the outskirt of the park.The use of workss are to give and flexibly the shading material each piece great as the surface of planting.Based on the even exhibit 4.5, softscape decision is an of import part in a recreation center which it’s played diverse capacity because of the nearby encompassing. This is on the grounds that each seting procedure will be mirroring the picture of the recreation center. 4.6 Accessibility and course Acc

Classic Writers Who (I Imagine) Would Be All About Blogging If They Were Alive Today

Classic Writers Who (I Imagine) Would Be All About Blogging If They Were Alive Today Theres no set formula for brilliant blogging. Its kind of like finding love or the perfect book: you know a blogger on fire when you read em. But I like to imagine I can spot a potential candidate, evenâ€"or especiallyâ€"when they died way before the Internet existed. These authors are a wide mix of opinionated, educated, funny, critical, personal, sharp-witted, and thought-provoking. Really the only thing that connects them is that I would LOVE to read their blogs. Who are some classic authors you think would make great bloggers? Tell Condescending Voltaire again about how Benedict Cumberbatch wins the Internet. Voltaire I think its safe to say that if he were alive today, Voltaire would give Benedict Cumberbatch a run for his money on number of times hed win the internet. Astonishingly prolific, Voltaire wrote everything from plays to essays, was by turns sarcastic and heartfelt, ripped the French establishment a new one, fought for freedom of religion and expression, and was witty enough that no comment troll would ever get in a visit to his blog unscathed. Plus, in the great tradition of the Internet, Voltaire was his alias. Mary MacLane In 1901, 19-year-old Mary MacLane of Butte, Montana, decided to start recording her various thoughts on three months of Nothingness (sounds like the worst summer off from school evar). The resultant memoir, The Story of Mary MacLane, was a sensation. MacLane unapologetically declared herself an unparalleled genius and egotist. She had imaginary conversations in her head with the devil, wrote love letters to an older woman, and in her free time would steal and lie just for the lolz. To no ones surpriseâ€"well, aside from some very uptight Victorian peopleâ€"her books were hugely popular with teen girls. I can only imagine what havoc MacLane would wreak if she was alive today and set upon the Internets. Horace Walpole In the 18th century, Walpole was one of the richest men in England. What did he do with all his monies? Bought medieval art and antiques and renovated a house to display all of it, of course. The resultant Strawberry Hill kick-started the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Walpole also wrote a very strange and mercifully short novel called The Castle of Otranto, which as far as anyone knows is the first Gothic novel. I imagine Walpoles blog would be full of DIY (Martha Stewart style: make-your-servants-do-it-whilst-you-observe) home improvement tips, antiquing recaps, made-up histories, and the occasional political rant. His Instagram feed would be amazeballs. Nellie Bly Intrepid 19th century journalist Elizabeth Jane Cochran basically invented undercover journalism. Writing as Nellie Bly, Cochrans most famous expose was on Blackwells Island (which you may be familiar with from Drunk History), an insane asylum that Bly had herself committed to so she could get an inside look at what went on. Her reports eventually led to widespread asylum reforms. Bly also traveled around the world and wrote political dispatches from Mexico, not necessarily in that order. I can imagine her doing similar undercover reports from Ferguson, Missouri, or Syria, using a handy-dandy cell phone instead of telegrams or a notebook. Shed be all over that. Isaac Asimov Like Voltaire, Asimov was incredibly prolific and eclectic. He not only wrote science fiction stories and novels, but non-fiction books and articles covering numerous topics from science to technology, religion to history, and the arts. I imagine his blog would be a collection of xkcd-style facts, observations, and in-jokes that would blow any geeks mind. John Ruskin One of the most influential art critics of his day, Ruskin was an early supporter of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, said one of JMW Turners paintings looked like a kitchen accident, and was sued by James McNeill Whistler for writing a negative opinion of Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket. True, if he had a blog or any sort of platform on the Internet, hed probably be That Guyâ€"you know, That Guy whos always shouting opinions and has imaginary personal vendettas and is always making an ass of himselfâ€"but what would the Internet be without That Guy? Also, That Guy tends to get a lot of hits, unfortch. George Orwell Everyone knows Orwell for 1984 and Animal Farm, but less well-known are his opinion essays, which are sharp, entertaining, short (the Internet loves short), and sometimes a touch cray-cray (which the Internet loves even more). Love him or hate him, agree or disagree, you have to admit Orwells writings are always interesting. Such is the stuff that dream blogs are built on. Plus, just imagine what his ranty posts on the NSA would look like! Classic Writers Who (I Imagine) Would Be All About Blogging If They Were Alive Today While we at the Riot take some time off to rest and catch up on our  reading, were re-running some of our  favorite posts from the last several months. Enjoy our highlight reel, and well be back with new stuff on Monday, January 5th. This post originally ran September 22, 2014. _________________________ Theres no set formula for brilliant blogging. Its kind of like finding love or the perfect book: you know a blogger on fire when you read em. But I like to imagine I can spot a potential candidate, evenâ€"or especiallyâ€"when they died way before the Internet existed. These authors are a wide mix of opinionated, educated, funny, critical, personal, sharp-witted, and thought-provoking. Really the only thing that connects them is that I would LOVE to read their blogs. Who are some classic authors you think would make great bloggers? Tell Condescending Voltaire again about how Benedict Cumberbatch wins the Internet. Voltaire I think its safe to say that if he were alive today, Voltaire would give Benedict Cumberbatch a run for his money on number of times hed win the internet. Astonishingly prolific, Voltaire wrote everything from plays to essays, was by turns sarcastic and heartfelt, ripped the French establishment a new one, fought for freedom of religion and expression, and was witty enough that no comment troll would ever get in a visit to his blog unscathed. Plus, in the great tradition of the Internet, Voltaire was his alias. Mary MacLane In 1901, 19-year-old Mary MacLane of Butte, Montana, decided to start recording her various thoughts on three months of Nothingness (sounds like the worst summer off from school evar). The resultant memoir, The Story of Mary MacLane, was a sensation. MacLane unapologetically declared herself an unparalleled genius and egotist. She had imaginary conversations in her head with the devil, wrote love letters to an older woman, and in her free time would steal and lie just for the lolz. To no ones surpriseâ€"well, aside from some very uptight Victorian peopleâ€"her books were hugely popular with teen girls. I can only imagine what havoc MacLane would wreak if she was alive today and set upon the Internets. Horace Walpole In the 18th century, Walpole was one of the richest men in England. What did he do with all his monies? Bought medieval art and antiques and renovated a house to display all of it, of course. The resultant Strawberry Hill kick-started the Gothic Revival style of architecture. Walpole also wrote a very strange and mercifully short novel called The Castle of Otranto, which as far as anyone knows is the first Gothic novel. I imagine Walpoles blog would be full of DIY (Martha Stewart style: make-your-servants-do-it-whilst-you-observe) home improvement tips, antiquing recaps, made-up histories, and the occasional political rant. His Instagram feed would be amazeballs. Nellie Bly Intrepid 19th century journalist Elizabeth Jane Cochran basically invented undercover journalism. Writing as Nellie Bly, Cochrans most famous expose was on Blackwells Island (which you may be familiar with from Drunk History), an insane asylum that Bly had herself committed to so she could get an inside look at what went on. Her reports eventually led to widespread asylum reforms. Bly also traveled around the world and wrote political dispatches from Mexico, not necessarily in that order. I can imagine her doing similar undercover reports from Ferguson, Missouri, or Syria, using a handy-dandy cell phone instead of telegrams or a notebook. Shed be all over that. Isaac Asimov Like Voltaire, Asimov was incredibly prolific and eclectic. He not only wrote science fiction stories and novels, but non-fiction books and articles covering numerous topics from science to technology, religion to history, and the arts. I imagine his blog would be a collection of xkcd-style facts, observations, and in-jokes that would blow any geeks mind. John Ruskin One of the most influential art critics of his day, Ruskin was an early supporter of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, said one of JMW Turners paintings looked like a kitchen accident, and was sued by James McNeill Whistler for writing a negative opinion of Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket. True, if he had a blog or any sort of platform on the Internet, hed probably be That Guyâ€"you know, That Guy whos always shouting opinions and has imaginary personal vendettas and is always making an ass of himselfâ€"but what would the Internet be without That Guy? Also, That Guy tends to get a lot of hits, unfortch. George Orwell Everyone knows Orwell for 1984 and Animal Farm, but less well-known are his opinion essays, which are sharp, entertaining, short (the Internet loves short), and sometimes a touch cray-cray (which the Internet loves even more). Love him or hate him, agree or disagree, you have to admit Orwells writings are always interesting. Such is the stuff that dream blogs are built on. Plus, just imagine what his ranty posts on the NSA would look like! ____________________ The Book Riot Store is here! Get your favorite Book Riot t-shirts, bookish totes, and other literary swag to wear, share, and show off!

Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay

Growing up experiencing his own identity crisis and misfortunes during his childhood, Erik Homberger Erikson, a well-known psychologist, used this as an inspiration to further one’s understanding of a healthy personality and sense of self. This gave rise to his successful establishment of the theory of Psychosocial Development. Although derived from Sigmund Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development, Erickson believed that a person’s social experiences cause a great impact on their sense of identity throughout their entire lifespan in eight different stages of development, as opposed to the five stages Freud assumed ended when a person reaches early adulthood (Cherry. 2016). Erickson theorized that a person’s ability to successfully complete a stage of development, regardless of their developmental challenges, directly affected the outcome of a healthy or unhealthy personality and sense of self. In his attempt to exceed further in understanding how a perso n’s social environment affects their personality and identity, Erikson’s findings became great contributions to the study of psychology. On June 15, 1902, Erikson was born in Frankfurt, Germany, to Karla Abrahamsen, a Jewish stockbroker, as Erik Salomonsen at birth (GoodTherapy. 2007-16). His mother married his pediatrician, Theodor Homberger, in 1905, when Erickson was about three years old (The Famous People. 2007). His last name was changed to Homberger, when his step father officially adopted him in 1911, and itShow MoreRelatedErikson s Psychosocial Theory And Psychosocial Development1561 Words   |  7 PagesTheories and Theorists Theories are the building blocks of psychology. Theories whether old or new has allowed us to know what we know now. There are many theories in the field of psychology or educational psychology that are important to further understand human behavior. 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Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. Trust

Religion and Prayer Must Not be Permitted in Public...

Early American colonists anticipated a country full of freedoms and opportunities. As the new government was beginning to develop, the Founders took into consideration the restrictions placed on them and their fellow immigrants in their former home lands. One difficulty the colonists encountered back in Europe was the inability to practice a desired religion or not to practice one at all. Since the newly formed country was made up of people from more than one religious background, the government had to come up with a way to accommodate all of its citizens. Understanding the countrys diversity, the writers of the Constitution of the United States of America included in the First Amendment the words, Congress shall make†¦show more content†¦Since the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment protects the citizens from being influenced or offended by government sponsor ed religion, prayer in the public school system is intolerable. Accordingly, the idea of secular ism was first proposed by James Madison in the religion clauses, because he wanted to avoid any sort of political influence on religious institutions (Alley 1 8). As a result of Madisons initiation of the concept of secularism, the role of religion in government institutions such as schools is now considered unconstitutional. In defiance to the Courts separation of church and state ruling, many public school districts persist to support the exercise of prayer. Numerous cases have arisen reflecting the opposing views on the role of prayer, including the 1962 precedent setting court case Engel v. Vitale. The debate occurred because the children of a New York public school district were required to recite the following lines every morning: Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon thee, and we beg t hey blessing upon us, our parents, our teachers and our country (Sikorski xi). In response, the Supreme Court immediately reprimanded the school system by declaring the act unconstitutional and banning the prayer. The school and other advocates ar gued that the prayer was nondenominational and shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Practice of Religion in Public Schools762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Practice of Religion in Public Schools The â€Å"establishment† or â€Å"religion† clause of the First Amendment of the Constitution reads: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof† (Education Week, 2003, para. 2). It is from this clause that the idea of separation of church and state comes. It is also the basis for much of the debate regarding the practice of religion in public schools (Education Week, 2003). 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While the study of Islam remains at its core, the modern SaudiRead More The Removal of Prayer from Public Schools Essay4217 Words   |  17 Pages The removal of prayer from public schools is a very controversial and misunderstood debate. This paper will address the history of the debate, common myths and misunderstandings, and the current trends. History of the Debate: Public schools originated in 1647 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and soon spread across New England. They began with an elementary school for every fifty families and a Latin school for every one hundred families. Their mission was to

Write a critical appreciation of Senecas Apocolocyntosis Free Essays

Seneca ‘s Apocolocyntosis provides us with one of the richest and most unusual texts to hold emerged from Rome. The Apocolocyntosis covers the narrative of Claudius, emperor of Rome and, while it is likely that the sarcasm was composed for Saturnalia in AD54, and does non incorporate a great figure of historical truths, it does possess important artistic virtue insofar as it is rich with dual entendre and critical argument. The typical qualities to Seneca ‘s Apocolocyntosis have led critics to oppugn the cogency of the text as a work by Seneca himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Write a critical appreciation of Senecas Apocolocyntosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, Seneca is most often known as a author of stoic philosophical treatises in a proto-Christian manner ; the Apocolocyntosis is chiefly representative of an entirely different manner. However, although these subjective responses to Seneca ‘s writing have been legion, it ‘s innately subjective nature does non travel so far as to assume that the work was written by person else. In add-on, many of the subjects in the Apocolocyntosis can be traced back through Seneca ‘s old work. Second, the rubric of the text itself is slightly deep, and is a word to depict the transmutation of a adult male into a Cucurbita pepo. Of class, in a actual sense this does non go on, although some critics have attempted to place the literary and the metaphorical togss that may hold warrant this deeply unusual rubric. This debatable rubric has led some critics to reason that the Apocolocyntosis is unfinished, or that the portion of the text where the metabolism occurs is losing. The apocolocyntosis provides a alone chance for us to look at the precise compositional nature of the Menippean sarcasm, a genre of which few texts survive. Menippean sarcasm was developed as a peculiar manner and signifier of sarcasm formulated some 300 old ages therefore by Menippus of Gadara. Its main features include are in its signifier and composing, which include a mixture of prose and poetry. The intervention of its topics is characterised by a â€Å" serio-comic † attack, where the serious implicit in subjects of the drama are obfuscated with comedic overtones. This is important both in portraying the function and the significance of the drama, every bit good as in discoursing its literary virtues. The satiric qualities of the drama focal point chiefly around the Roman province, but other subjects besides emerge and are lambasted by Seneca: historiographers are attacked from the really beginning, possibly imparting creed to the fictional manner employed by Seneca hims elf. Historians are mocked for their nonpartisanship ( 1.1 ) and besides by avoiding citations ( 9.2 ) . The usage of citations is a peculiar point in which Seneca ‘s scathing satirization flows. His usage of Homeric citations in 5.4 besides draw attending to the abuse of citations: â€Å" Claudius was really pleased that there were philologues at that place: he hoped there would be some topographic point for his ain histories. So he excessively said in Homeric poetry: ‘From Ilium the air current transporting me drove me ashore at the Kikonians ‘ † ( 5.4 ) . He continues by adding â€Å" ( But the undermentioned poetry was more true, every bit Homeric: ‘and there I sacked the metropolis and killed the people ‘ ) † The attending Seneca draws to the usage of citations to pull strings and warrant a peculiar position. The ability of Seneca to overreach Claudius is, nevertheless stating, and suggests that Claudius himself came to the throne, in many peoples eyes illicitly, on the shoulders of the Praetorian Guard. Hercules ‘ original inquiry, â€Å" Of what race of work forces are you? Where is your metropolis and your parents? † is answered in a barbed and dry manner to depict Claudius ‘s rise to power. As Fraudenberg suggests, â€Å" the inquiry posed by Hercules has, in the class of the replies offered, go a inquiry about how Claudius came to be emperor ; by ( legal ) heritage, alludes Claudius ; by ( illegal ) force, alludes the storyteller † ( 98 ) . Of class, the dismissive tone in which Seneca attacks his legitimacy via the execution of these narrative â€Å" asides † provides a rich satiric presentation of the humor Seneca was capable of. In add-on, Seneca draws attending to the difference between these two mentions to Homer – the first, a inquiry used to show exactly, is obfuscated â€Å" intelligently † by Claudius, who ab initio appears to win out on the embezzleme nt of citation until the storyteller intervenes with a citation as brash and as purportedly unprocessed as Hercules. This question of the legitimacy of Claudius is both elusive and barbarous, as it invokes attending to Claudius ‘s controversial rise to power, every bit good as the ferociousness he employed during his clip as emperor. By add-on, Hercules, who here assumes the function of the common adult male, is non ridiculed but, furthermore, is celebrated for his genuineness and his stoical attack to the usage of citation. His unfavorable judgment extends to the usage of citation by historiographers, every bit good as offering a elusive deployment of biting linguistic communication against the supposed nonpartisanship of the storyteller, who purports to be a historian despite offering a fictionalised history of Claudius ‘s reign. The complexness of the sarcasm, as to whether Seneca is mocking himself, his characters, or the state of affairss in which he finds them, are skillfully and equivocally negotiated by Seneca, whose rhetorical endowments for obfuscating, lead oning and playing with the purposes of his audience are here demonstrated with all of its biting possible. Equally good as characters themselves, and their usage of citation to add cogency to their ( illegal ) invasions of power, the formalities of argument in the Senate are besides brutally mocked and rendered absurd by Seneca ( 9.5, 11.5 ) . As such, this would impart quality to the reading that Seneca is out to mock the full political system in operation in Rome, instead than the propensities and eccentricities of one peculiar adult male. Of class, these subjects in the context of satirical plants, which lightly mock about every convention and single, can non be separated. The topic of Seneca ‘s sarcasm is Claudius himself, whose inabilit y to go a divinity is brutally and carefully dissembled and made to look farcical. The rubric of Seneca ‘s drama has provoked a ample sum of interesting argument sing its beginnings and its significance. Scholars have debated the significance of Apocolocyntosis in the rubric, and how that relates to the content of the sarcasm. The Apocolocyntosis is a drama on the ideal, with the add-on of Cucurbita pepo or gourd – literally, the word has been taken to intend â€Å" transmutation into a Cucurbita pepo or calabash † . Many have suggested that the calabash referred to in the rubric is a mention to the die box that Claudius is given. While this position has its protagonists, the metaphor seems a small stretched: Sullivan remarks that â€Å" the die box account is far fetched even for a first-century gag, and it does non run into the point about the ‘gourdification ‘ † ( 210 ) . Besides, the statement that the Apocolocyntosis is uncomplete as a text is besides a debatable one ; merely, the sarcasm, although it ends slightly sudden ly and hurriedly, ties up the secret plan and seems to non look to arouse extra scenes. One interesting statement is that the Apocolocyntosis contains a deep copiousness of â€Å" Cucurbita pepos † in the authorship: Creitz ( 1966 ) suggests that the opening sentence of the sarcasm, â€Å" Quid actum sit in caelo ante diem III, idus Octobris anno novo, initio saeculi felicissimi, volo memoriae tradere † may incorporate the concealed Cucurbita pepos in the text: â€Å" Is there any significance in the first missive, Q? Could it non be considered a kinky Cucurbita pepo or melon? † ( 202 ) . In add-on, Octobris draws attending to the missive â€Å" O † , which is a Cucurbita pepo shaped missive. In add-on October is the month for reaping Cucurbita pepos. Symbolic importance of the Cucurbita pepo may besides hold metaphorical significance in the last scene, in which the myriad of cut-off caputs may be taken as representative of Cucurbita pepos. The derogatory position of Cucurbita pepos besides draws attending to the elusive satirical devices employed by Seneca to pull attending to Claudius ‘s regulation. Creitz continues by proposing that â€Å" The sarcasm pictures a individual unwanted and deformed on Earth, undesired in Eden and even undesired in the lower universe, who, figuratively, like Cucurbita pepo seeds, purged many † ( 202 ) . While this provocative reading of the text draws attending to Seneca ‘s gaiety, it is noted that this reading does non trust to supply a historical history of Seneca ‘s existent purposes, moreover it is merely based on â€Å" what his words say to us today † ( 202 ) . Creitz argues that statements that look to show the writer ‘s purposes are likely to be subjective because small exists about Seneca ‘s purposes for the text. Other readings of the rubric of the piece expression alternatively at the nuances behind the existent significance of Apocolocyntosis ; s ome argue that it is a severely represented wordplay, intending non so much Transformation into a Cucurbita pepo and more Transformation of a pumpkin-head, a reading that would make greater analogues with the behavior of Claudius throughout the text. This is moreover given cogency by the common relationship at the clip between the word calabash and empty-headedness or folly. This, Sullivan argues, is â€Å" correspondent to the nineteenth-century association in England and the United States of the Cucurbita pepo with stupidity and ego † ( 210 ) . As such, the reading of Cucurbita pepo as stupidity prevents a actual readings of the text and focal points alternatively upon the metaphorical significance of Cucurbita pepo as stupid. The critical response to Seneca ‘s Apocolocyntosis has provoked many vindicators of Seneca ‘s work into denying that it was written by Seneca ; so, Seneca ‘s work here is radically different from other plants that he has produced, which tend towards humourless and stoical philosophical contemplation ( e.g. Letterss to Lucilus ) . In add-on, the damning of Claudius in this sarcasm does non work good with his old work, notably the Consolatio ad Polybium, which flatters Claudius. Of class, guesss over writing and genuineness of course depend to a great extent upon the given that Seneca himself had consistent sentiments about affairs. In add-on, a reading such as this denies the political function Seneca had ; so, from what is known about Seneca ‘s life, about his expatriate by Caligula and his subsequent poesy keening his expatriate, that these pieces were probably to hold been politically motivated. Sullivan remarks that Seneca ‘s â€Å" philosophical pen was barely of all time unguided by practical or political motivations † ( 212 ) . The premise environing the incompatibilities of Seneca ‘s work assumes that Seneca operated with genuineness himself ; of class, the likeliness is that Seneca himself was composing this drama in order to curry favor or to accomplish his political purposes. Incompatibility in Seneca ‘s work hence, does nil to turn out the cogency of the Apocolocyntosis as a work by Seneca. Critics have besides argued that the stylistic qualities of the Apocolocyntosis, as a visible radiation and satirical piece, appear out of topographic point in Seneca ‘s overall canon, and that the auctorial presence of Seneca is hard to identity as a consequence of this. Of class, the dismissal of the Apocolocyntosis on these evidences mask the serious implicit in political subjects of the work. The discrediting of Claudius, presumptively, satisfied some political purpose at the clip, as power shifted from Claudius to Nero. In add-on, the structural features of the Apocolocyntosis, which strictly employ Seneca ‘s typical and ample accomplishments in rhetoric and poetry, echo that of a Menippean sarcasm, which had been used extensively across Roman literature at the clip. As such, impressions of writing on evidences of incompatibility of manner can be dismissed. It is likely that the Apocolocyntosis was written hurriedly for a choice audience of a few people ; while critics have debated the relationship Seneca had to Claudius, and the incompatibilities of his attack, it is likely that this represents a more realistic portraiture of Seneca ‘s positions on Claudius – while other work flattering of Claudius was written as an effort to revoke his expatriate from Rome, the Apocolocyntosis and its scathing portraiture of Claudius is likely to stand for Seneca ‘s personal hate of Claudius. Despite the haste of its construct, the work employs and efficaciously utilises a figure of devices used by poets at the clip ; many transitions demonstrate Seneca ‘s capacity to satirise the bad poesy used by other Menippean authors ; in add-on, the subdivision praising Nero represents a aside in which Seneca shapes the narrative to include. This Aureate Age suggestion points to a more precise dating of the piece, as it was by and large accepted that the startup of a new emperor brings about a explosion of adulation. Therefore, Seneca ‘s drama can be dated to around AD54, during the clip of Nero ‘s startup. Its purpose, which is evidently an of import factor to see when discoursing Seneca ‘s work, is likely to be to discredit Claudius specifically, although some argument on philosophical evidences have suggested that Seneca was satirising the deification of all emperors instead than merely Claudius himself. The complexness of Seneca ‘s sarcasm has led to a figure of treatments about the purpose and the intent of the drama itself ; it is likely that the new epoch ushered in by Nero provided the footing for Seneca ‘s sarcasm. But there are besides sarcasms of more general, philosophical and political subjects that add grist to the factory. Seneca besides satirizes bad poets, poetic conventions and poetic linguistic communication, and utilises more conversational phrases, and even utilize these conversational phrases for the Gods themselves. The sarcasm therefore satirizes the physical stature of Claudius, but besides goes farther in its satirization of Roman civilization in general. The gaiety of the work makes it distinguishable from Seneca ‘s other work, which focuses alternatively on trying to delight Seneca ‘s many powerful disparagers and enemies. Overall, Seneca ‘s Apocolocyntosis provides us with a alone penetration into the mechanics of the Menippean sarcasm, as it provides us with the lone complete edition of such a drama. In add-on, while the drama is clearly shaped as a fictional history which attempts to jab merriment of Roman society and peculiarly of Claudius himself, it besides provides penetrations into the historical conditions that provoked the building of the drama itself. In add-on, the Apcolocyntosis besides provides us with a presentation of Seneca ‘s typical endowments for pun and elusive sarcasm, which provides us with a rich penetration into the more playful properties of this contradictory figure. While the elation of Seneca ‘s tone is unusual in the context of Seneca ‘s other plants, it besides masks more serious thematic content, notably on the abuse of rhetoric in order to acquire political addition, which is smartly satirized by the usage of Homeric citations and of historical c laims of legitimacy. The voluminous scholarship composed refering this drama has besides focussed on critical facets of the drama, notably in the map of the rubric, the mentions to Cucurbita pepos and calabashs, and of the precise map of Seneca ‘s analysis of Claudius, which radically alters by comparing to his earlier work. Overall, the penetrations offered, the considerable literary virtues of the work, and the critical treatments of this work have sparked a great trade of contention environing this unusual drama ; while argument continues over the genuineness, the quality and the authorization of this work, it besides provides us with alone penetrations into both the building of sarcasms in this manner, of the conversational manner used at the clip of its Hagiographas, and of the historical conditions that surrounded its creative activity. How to cite Write a critical appreciation of Senecas Apocolocyntosis, Essay examples

The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal Review Essay Example

The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal Review Paper Essay on The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal To begin with standard story how it got to me: buy at the store, along with two same outstanding books (collection of short stories by STALKER game and that some of Coelho). And one more digression, I love the wonderful writer Bret Easton Ellis and his novel Glamorama in which glamorous life of stars and models literally takes off into the air So, in essence:. An ugly Fiction , cheap dummy of the Moscow-Rublev glamor. I understand Minaev good businessman, but not a writer, and he writes his books exclusively for people who do not read books because any person who is even slightly aware of contemporary literature, simply can not digest it. The story of a young, beautiful and TP journalist who cheated heifers, and about how it was punished for it. A full set of stamps: Vert, corporate, glossy, cocaine, clubs. In general, all for you, for everyone who is very well want to take a closer look modern Dolce Vita. Against this background, especially funny look author attempts to introduce some kind of morality, this um .. work. Art style, the literary language, elementary proof does not exist in principle, cheap plot. All of this probably would not be so terrible, but as you read, I kept thinking, well, why it is so similar to Glamorama Ellis? Minaev really just did not expect that his reader is quite well-read? and somewhere in the middle, I fou nd an interesting passage: the hero reads Glamorama, says it is a great book, and compares himself with Victor Ward ( Glamorama the protagonist). CURTAIN. Otherwise as a mockery of the reader, I can not call it. He not only all the debit Ellis, but plain text talks about it, those who do not understand. We will write a custom essay sample on The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The heifers. A Tale of Love unreal Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ps. And from Lacalut pasta I now feel sick. In conclusion, I advise everyone to see the transfer GordonKihot involving Minaeva, where he says he is, in general, and not a writer, and can not write, and books made with using some writers program. Well, in general, we can assess its level of culture and education.

The Parable of the Sadhu

The Parable of the Sadhu The story revolves around the extent to which a group can bear responsibility over individual’s welfare and well-being. It also raises ethical questions relating to an individual and the ethics of an organization. The case study is a narration of Bowen McCoy story on an expedition to hike the highest mountain in the world, The Himalayas. McCoy spends substantial amount of time hiking the mountain that cross cuts the plains of Nepal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Parable of the Sadhu specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As the journey continued to be challenging, he meets an Indian cleric considered holy by the citizenry. His name is Sadhu. The holy many had insufficient clothing to cover him from the whims of extreme cold and he was struggling to survive. Noticing the needs of Sadhu, McCoy and his fellow hikers provides him with clothing to keep him from the adverse effect of the cold. They also give him foo d and some warm drinks to gain the lost warmth (Ciulla, 2003). Filled with empathy, members of the group volunteered to take the holy man down the mountain to a nearby village. Nonetheless, they leave him and continue with their expedition up the mountain. They rationalized their action by saying that the man would distract their focus and objective of ascending to the peak of the mountain. McCoy admits that he did not know what had happened to Sadhu raising the moral question of how individuals should act in dilemma typical of genuine ethical issue (Ciulla, 2003). As such, the case study responds to the questions about addressing ethical dilemmas and crises. He recognizes that if the group had gone down the slopes, they could have shifted their focus from the organizational objectives. Can an individual therefore act in a way that contravenes the objectives of an organization when responding to ethical dilemma? Should individual ethics reflect the ethics held by an organization? Ci ulla (2003) asserts that the parable of Sadhu provides insights on how to deal with ethical dilemmas when caught between organizational and personal morals. Power is the ability to influence others to increase the chances of achievement of specific goals. Besides, power reflects control and access to resources and gives those who wield power an upper hand over the rest of the population. It is therefore imperative to notice that nature of power is in itself an indication of self-interests. Humans use power as a means to attain their self-goals and objectives. As indicated by Machiavelli, human beings are in endless competition to fulfill their urge for power, as a means to their ends. Since human beings struggle for power, many ethical issues emerge regarding the use of power and means through which people acquire power. While we consider that power allows the control of resources and access to other aspects of life, power clashes with ethics as it belittle the struggles of subjects of power.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato’s story about the â€Å"ring of Gyges† illuminates on the human need to acquire power and act, as they would wish. Despite calls to act in a just way, human natural instincts dictate that they act in the way that best fulfills their desires. Upon finding the invincible ring, Annas (1981) says that Gyges who was priory a humble servant acts contrary to the expectations of the people by conspiring with the queen to kill the king for him to ascend to the throne. Hence, human beings act in just ways only when they have no power. This is the only way that justice is possible. In the same way, human nature according Machiavelli is short, brutal and nasty and as such, people will act to make the best out of it. Competition fills human nature and thus, it is only within the context of law that people can control their egois tic needs and act nobly. Centralization of power is therefore the best way to avoid acts of impunity and misdeeds since if every individual was powerful, the world would be lawless as people attempt to outdo each other and control them (Ciulla, 2003). In lieu of the fact that all actions by human beings reflect self-interests, it is imperative for leaders to act within the framework of their respective organizations (Ciulla, 2003). Ciulla (2003) says that leaders are bound by organizational ethics that control their character and conduct. As such, leaders act in line with the objectives of an organization as opposed to self-interests. Nonetheless, when outside the context of the organizations, self-interests prevail making the ‘Republic’ to control human beings through law. References Annas, J. (1981). An introduction to Plato’s Republic. Oxford: Clarendon Press Ciulla, B. (2003).The Ethics of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Thompson-Wadsworth Publish ers.

The Sobibor Revoltâ€Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust

The Sobibor Revolt- Jewish Retaliation During Holocaust Jews have often been accused of going to their deaths during the Holocaust like sheep to the slaughter, but this just wasnt true. Many resisted. However, the individual attacks and the individual escapes lacked the zest of defiance and craving for life that others, looking back in time, expect and want to see. Many now ask, why didnt the Jews just pick up guns and shoot? How could they let their families starve and die without fighting back? However, one must realize that resisting and revolting were just not this simple. If one prisoner were to pick up a gun and shoot, the SS would not just kill the shooter, but also randomly choose and kill twenty, thirty, even a hundred others in retaliation. Even if escaping from a camp were possible, where were the escapees to go? The roads were traveled by Nazis and the forests were filled with armed, anti-Semitic Poles. And during the winter, during the snow, where were they to live? And if they had been transported from the West to the East, they spoke Dutch or French - not Polish. How were they to survive in the countryside without knowing the language? Although the difficulties seemed insurmountable and success improbable, the Jews of the Sobibor Death Camp attempted a revolt. They made a plan and attacked their captors, but axes and knives were little match for the SSs machine guns. With all this against them, how and why did the prisoners of Sobibor come to the decision to revolt? Rumors During the summer and fall of 1943, the transports into Sobibor came less and less frequently. The Sobibor prisoners had always realized that they had been allowed to live only in order for them to work, to keep the death process running. However, with the slowing of the transports, many began to wonder whether the Nazis had actually succeeded in their goal to wipe out Jewry from Europe, to make it Judenrein. Rumors began to circulate- the camp was to be liquidated. Leon Feldhendler decided it was time to plan an escape. Though only in his thirties, Feldhendler was respected by his fellow inmates. Before coming to Sobibor, Feldhendler had been the head of the Judenrat in the Zolkiewka Ghetto. Having been at Sobibor for nearly a year, Feldhendler had witnessed several individual escapes. Unfortunately, all were followed by severe retaliation against the remaining prisoners. It was for this reason, that Feldhendler believed that an escape plan should include the escape of the entire camp population. In many ways, a mass escape was more easily said than done. How could you get six hundred prisoners out of a well-guarded, land mine-surrounded camp without having the SS discover your plan before it was enacted or without having the SS mow you down with their machine guns? A plan this complex was going to need someone with military and leadership experience. Someone who could not only plan such a feat but also inspire the prisoners to carry it out. Unfortunately, at the time, there was no one in Sobibor who fit both these descriptions. Sasha On September 23, 1943, a transport from Minsk rolled into Sobibor. Unlike most incoming transports, 80 men were selected for work. The SS were planning on building storage facilities in the now empty Lager IV, thus chose strong men from the transport rather than skilled workers. Among those chosen on that day was First Lieutenant Alexander Sasha Pechersky as well as a few of his men. Sasha was a Soviet prisoner of war. He had been sent to the front in October 1941 but had been captured near Viazma. After having been transferred to several camps, the Nazis, during a strip search, had discovered that Sasha was circumcised. Because he was Jewish, the Nazis sent him to Sobibor. Sasha made a big impression on the other prisoners of Sobibor. Three days after arriving at Sobibor, Sasha was out chopping wood with other prisoners. The prisoners, exhausted and hungry, were raising the heavy axes and then letting them fall on the tree stumps. SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Karl Frenzel was guarding the group and regularly punishing already exhausted prisoners with twenty-five lashes each. When Frenzel noticed that Sasha had stopped working during one of these whipping frenzies, he said to Sasha, Russian soldier, you dont like the way I punish this fool? I give you exactly five minutes to split this stump. If you make it, you get a pack of cigarettes. If you miss by as much as one second, you get twenty-five lashes.1 It seemed an impossible task. Yet Sasha attacked the stump [w]ith all my strength and genuine hatred.2 Sasha finished in four and a half minutes. Since Sasha had completed the task in the allotted time, Frenzel made good on his promise of a pack of cigarettes - a highly prized commodity in the camp. Sasha refused the pack, saying Thanks, I dont smoke.3 Sasha then went back to work. Frenzel was furious. Frenzel left for a few minutes and then returned with bread and margarine - a very tempting morsel for all who are really hungry. Frenzel handed the food to Sasha. Again, Sasha refused Frenzels offer, saying, Thank you, the rations we are getting satisfy me fully.4 Obviously a lie, Frenzel was even more furious. However, instead of whipping Sasha, Frenzel turned and abruptly left. This was a first in Sobibor - someone had had the courage to defy the SS and succeeded. News of this incident spread quickly throughout the camp. Sasha and Feldhendler Meet Two days after the wood cutting incident, Leon Feldhendler asked that Sasha and his friend Shlomo Leitman come that evening to the womens barracks to talk. Though both Sasha and Leitman went that night, Feldhendler never arrived. In the womens barracks, Sasha and Leitman were swamped with questions - about life outside the camp...about why the partisans had not attacked the camp and freed them. Sasha explained that the partisans have their tasks, and no one can do our work for us.  5 These words motivated the prisoners of Sobibor. Instead of waiting for others to liberate them, they were coming to the conclusion that they would have to liberate themselves. Feldhendler had now found someone who not only had the military background to plan a mass escape, but also someone who could inspire confidence in the prisoners. Now Feldhendler needed to convince Sasha that a plan of mass escape was needed. The two men met the following day, on September 29. Some of Sashas men were already thinking of escape- but for just a few people, not a mass escape. Feldhendler had to convince them that he and others in the camp could help the Soviet prisoners because they knew the camp. He also told the men of the retaliation that would occur against the whole camp if even just a few were to escape. Soon, they decided to work together and information between the two men passed via a middle man, Shlomo Leitman, so as not to draw attention to the two men. With the information about the routine of the camp, layout of the camp, and specific characteristics of the guards and SS, Sasha began to plan. The Plan Sasha knew that any plan would be far-fetched. Even though the prisoners outnumbered the guards, the guards had machine guns and could call for back-up. The first plan was to dig a tunnel. They started digging the tunnel in the beginning of October. Originating in the carpentry shop, the tunnel had to be dug under the perimeter fence and then under the minefields. On October 7, Sasha voiced his fears about this plan - the hours at night were not sufficient to allow the entire camp population to crawl through the tunnel and fights were likely to flare-up between prisoners waiting to crawl through. These problems were never encountered because the tunnel was ruined from heavy rains on October 8 and 9. Sasha began working on another plan. This time it was not just a mass escape, it was a revolt. Sasha asked that members of the Underground start preparing weapons in the prisoner workshops- they began to make both knives and hatchets. Although the Underground had already learned that the camp commandant, SS Haupsturmfà ¼hrer Franz Reichleitner and SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Hubert Gomerski had gone on vacation, on October 12 they saw SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Gustav Wagner leaving the camp with his suitcases. With Wagner gone, many felt the opportunity ripe for the revolt. As Toivi Blatt describes Wagner: Wagners departure gave us a tremendous morale boost. While cruel, he was also very intelligent. Always on the go, he could suddenly show up in the most unexpected places. Always suspicious and snooping, he was difficult to fool. Besides, his colossal stature and strength would make it very difficult for us to overcome him with our primitive weapons.6 On the nights of October 11 and 12, Sasha told the Underground the complete plans for the revolt. The Soviet prisoners of war were to be dispersed to different workshops around the camp. The SS would be individually lured to the various workshops either by appointments to pick up finished products they had ordered like boots or by individual items that attracted their greed like a newly arrived leather coat. The planning took into consideration the Germans brashness and power-hungry mistreatment of the seemingly subdued Jews, their consistent and systematic daily routine, their unfaltering punctuality, and their greed.7 Each SS man would be killed in the workshops. It was important that the SS did not cry out when being killed nor any of the guards alerted that something unusual was happening in the camps. Then, all the prisoners would report as usual to the roll call square and then walk out together through the front gate. It was hoped that once the SS had been eliminated, the Ukrainian guards, who had a small supply of ammunition, would acquiesce to the revolting prisoners. The phone lines were to be cut early in the revolt so that the escapees would have several hours of fleeing time under the cover of darkness before back-up could be notified. Significant to the plan was that only a very small group of the prisoners even knew of the revolt. It was to be a surprise to the general camp population at roll call. It was decided that the following day, October 13, would be the day of revolt. We knew our fate. We knew that we were in an extermination camp and death was our destiny. We knew that even a sudden end to the war might spare the inmates of the normal  concentration camps, but never us. Only desperate actions could shorten our suffering and maybe afford us a chance of escape. And the will to resist had grown and ripened. We had no dreams of liberation; we hoped merely to destroy the camp and to die from bullets rather than from gas. We would not make it easy for the Germans.8 October 13 The day had finally arrived. Tension was high. In the morning, a group of SS arrived from the nearby Ossowa labor camp. The arrival of these additional SS not only increased the man power of the SS in the camp but could preclude the regular SS men from making their appointments in the workshops. Since the additional SS were still in the camp during lunchtime, the revolt was postponed. It was rescheduled for the following day - October 14. As the prisoners went to bed, many were afraid of what was to come. Esther Grinbaum, a very sentimental and intelligent young woman, wiped away her tears and said: Its not yet the time for an uprising. Tomorrow none of us will be alive. Everything will remain as it was - the barracks, the sun will rise and set, the flowers will bloom and wilt, but we will be no more. Her closest friend, Helka Lubartowska, a beautiful dark-eyed brunette, tried to encourage her: There is no other way. Nobody knows what the results will be, but one thing is sure, we will not be led to slaughter.9 October 14 The day had come. Excitement among the prisoners was so high that no matter what happened, the revolt could not be postponed, for the SS were sure to notice the change in mood in the prisoners. The few weapons that had been made were already handed out to those doing the killing. In the morning, they all had to try to look and act normal while waiting for the afternoon to come. NoonAll battle team commanders (the prisoners who were to actively participate in the revolt were broken up into battle teams of two to three persons each) had each individually met with Sasha for final instructions.Frenzel entered the carpentry shop and noticed one prisoner was wearing especially nice clothing. The inmate was wearing nice clothes in preparation for the revolt. Many other prisoners were wearing extra clothes as well as carrying extra food and valuables. Frenzel asked the prisoner if he was going to a wedding. 102:00 p.m.Something unusual happened. SS Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba, armed with a submachine gun, came into Lager I and took four prisoners away with him. SS didnt usually carry such heavy weapons. Could he know about the planned revolt?3:00 to 4:00 p.m.Sasha found out that SS Ryba was only carrying the submachine gun because a Ukrainian guard had not also accompanied the prisoners.Many of the battle teams take their positions.My assignment was to liquidat e Scharfà ¼hrer Greischutz, who was in charge of the Ukrainian guard. I was happy for the opportunity given to me to kill a German. We had prepared axes, which we had sharpened in the smithy. We took up our position an hour earlier. At four oclock we were sitting in the rooms and waited.11 4:00 to 5:00 p.m.The killings began. (Though there are discrepancies in the accounts as to which SS officer was killed at what location, the following is a summary of the SS deaths.)Vorlager: Leon Feldhendler was stationed here to help orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Josef Wulf: Wulf was the first SS man killed during the revolt. Once he entered the storeroom, one prisoner offered him a coat and another helped him into it. While he was putting on the coat, two other prisoners hit him on the head with axes. Wulfs dead body was then hidden among piles of clothes and the blood was cleaned up.Steubel: Steubel was also lured into the storeroom and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Vallaster: Killed during revolt; circumstances of death not known.Scharfà ¼hrer Kurt Beckman: While the attempt to lure Beckman to the storeroom for a new leather coat started successfully, on his way he abruptly turned around and went to his office. A little later, three prisoners we nt to Beckmans office where they surprised him and stabbed him with daggers. Since they did not have time to hide his body or clean up the blood, they left the body behind the desk.Unterscharfà ¼hrer Walter Ryba: Not part of the planned killings, Ryba entered the SS garage and was killed by a prisoner working there. Sasha worried that Rybas body, which was very close to the SS and Ukrainian living quarters, would be discovered.Lager I: Sasha Pechersky was stationed here to orchestrate the revolt in this section of the camp.Untersturmfà ¼hrer Josef Niemann: The acting commander of the camp rode up to the tailor shop on his chestnut horse, dismounted, and went inside. As he was being fitted for a new uniform, prisoners hit him on the back of the head with an  axe. His body was then dragged to the back room and his horse taken back to the stables.Oberscharfà ¼hrer  Goettinger: Head of Lager III, Goettinger was asked to try on a new pair of boots in the shoemakers shop. While tal king to the shoemaker, Goettingers head was smashed with an  axe.Scharfà ¼hrer Siegfried Greischutz: Head of the Ukrainian guard, Greischutz was killed once inside the Ukrainian tailor shop.Klat: Klat, a Ukrainian guard, entered the tailors shop looking for his boss, Greischutz (who had just been killed there). The tailors maneuvered Klat so that his back was to the back room. He was then attacked and killed.Scharfà ¼hrer Friedrich Gaulstich: Gaulstich was killed in the carpentry workshop. After 5:00 p.m.The prisoners had gathered as usual in the roll call area. At 5:10 p.m. - twenty minutes early for roll call - the roll call whistle was blown according to Sashas signal. Though Sasha was surprised at how well the plan had gone thus far, he realized that there could not be an orderly march through the front gate. Sasha stood up and addressed the assembled prisoners, saying something similar to Our day has come. Most of the Germans are dead. Lets die with honor. Remember, if anyone survives, he must tell the world what has happened here.12A Ukrainian guard discovered the body of Scharfà ¼hrer Beckman behind his desk and ran outside where SS men hear him yell, A German is dead! This alerted the rest of the camp to the revolt.The prisoners at the roll call square yell, Hurrah! Then it was every man and woman for themselves.Prisoners were running to the fences. Some were trying to cut them, others just climbed over. Yet, in most places, the minefield was still fully in pl ace.Suddenly we heard shots. In the beginning only a few shots, and then it turned into heavy shooting, including machine-gun fire. We heard shouting, and I could see a group of prisoners running with axes, knives, scissors, cutting the fences and crossing them. Mines started to explode. Riot and confusion prevailed, everything was thundering around. The doors of the workshop were opened, and everyone rushed through. . . . We ran out of the workshop. All around were the bodies of the killed and wounded. Near the armory were some of our boys with weapons. Some of them were exchanging fire with the Ukrainians, others were running toward the gate or through the fences. My coat caught on the fence. I took off the coat, freed myself and ran further behind the fences into the minefield. A mine exploded nearby, and I could see a body being lifted into the air and then falling down. I did not recognize who it was.13As the remaining SS were alerted to the revolt, they grabbed machine guns an d began shooting into the mass of people. The guards in the towers were also firing into the crowd.The prisoners were running through the minefield, over an open area, and then into the forest. It is estimated that about half the prisoners (approximately 300) made it to the forests. The Forest Once in the forests, the escapees tried to quickly find relatives and friends. Though they started off in large groups of prisoners, they eventually broke into smaller and smaller groups in order to be able to find food and to hide. Sasha had been leading one large group of about 50 prisoners. On October 17, the group stopped. Sasha chose several men, which included all the rifles of the group except one, and passed around a hat to collect money from the group to buy food. He told the group that he and the others he had chosen were going to do some reconnaissance. The others protested, but Sasha promised hed come back. He never did. After waiting for a long time, the group realized that Sasha was not going to come back, thus they split into smaller groups and headed off in different directions. After the war, Sasha explained his leaving by saying that it would have been impossible to hide and feed such a large group. But no matter how  truthful  this statement, the remaining members of the group felt bitter and betrayed by Sasha. Within four days of the escape, 100 of the 300 escapees were caught. The remaining 200 continued to flee and hide. Most were shot by local Poles or by partisans. Only 50 to 70 survived the war. Though this number is small, it is still much larger than if the prisoners had not revolted, for surely, the entire camp population would have been liquidated by the Nazis. Notes 1. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Yitzhak Arad,  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps  (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987) 307.2. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.3. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.4. Alexander Pechersky as quoted in Ibid 307.5. Ibid 308.6. Thomas Toivi Blatt,  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival  (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997) 144.7. Ibid 141.8. Ibid 139.9. Arad,  Belzec  321.10. Ibid 324.11. Yehuda Lerner as quoted in Ibid 327.12. Richard Rashke,  Escape From Sobibor  (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995) 229.13. Ada Lichtman as quoted in Arad,  Belzec  331. 14. Ibid 364. Bibliography Arad, Yitzhak.  Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps.  Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. Blatt, Thomas Toivi.  From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1997. Novitch, Miriam.  Sobibor: Martyrdom and Revolt. New York: Holocaust Library, 1980. Rashke, Richard.  Escape From Sobibor. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995.

In relating to the surrounding culture in a post-Christendom world, Essay

In relating to the surrounding culture in a post-Christendom world, what lessons should the Church learn from the pre-Constanti - Essay Example In the twenty-first century the broadly Christian basis of society has given way to something much more diffuse. In particular the absence of a Christian values to underpin governmental regimes is resulting in an increasing number of potential conflicts between Church and State, and suggests that the Church needs to find ways of adapting to a new role outside the main value system of the majority of people. This paper examines the situation of the pre-Constantinian early Church and the way it related to the cultures surrounding it. The Church’s early relationship with Jewish, Roman and Greek culture is examined, and experiences gathered in this pre-Constantinian period are applied to the contemporary situation of the Church, showing that in terms of identity, ethnic relations, attitudes to war, social customs and political engagement, the modern Church has much to learn from its own earlier history. In modern times, as in pre-Constantinian times, Christianity is not the accept ed â€Å"norm†, and its doctrines are not perceived as the core values of society at large. Instead of sustaining and promoting a stable Church/State symbiosis, which we see in the post-Constantinian conceptof â€Å"Christendom†, the Church finds itself on all fronts in danger of entering into conflict through contamination from and resistance to the surrounding cultures. The implications of isolation from the dominant norms are perhaps most significant in the area of evangelism. In pre-Constantinian times, as in present time, any Christian outreach work must start from an assumption that people will require intensive mentoring, apprenticeship and instruction in even the most basic doctrines.1 Nothing can be taken for granted, in terms of factual knowledge or moral training in the family, and the position of outsider that the modern Church occupies means that it must find ways of operating that help to clarify, define and maintain its position in relation to a somewhat hostile environment . The first lesson that the modern Church must learn from this earlier stage in its history is therefore to revisit and re-emphasize its core message through teaching of basic Christian facts and principles. One aspect of early Church history which has perhaps been underplayed by later commentators is the extent to which it harmonized with the cultures around it in the very beginning. An important factor in its first spurt of growth was its focus in cosmopolitan centres, where a multitude of different cultures co-existed with each other without any problem: â€Å"Absorption and adaptation were to mark the progress of the church both in east and west so long as it remained predominantly urban.†2 The trading cities of the Mediterranean were a melting pot for different races but also for different ideas, and the fledgling church took advantage of this relative freedom to develop its structures and systems, often taking selected elements from different cultur al groups around them. Celebration of the Jewish Sabbath, for example, was a custom that was adapted for Christian use but was clearly borrowed from the Jewish tradition. Much of the rhetoric and some philosophical texts for exposition and teaching were borrowed freely

Ancient egyptian music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ancient egyptian music - Research Paper Example Music in ancient Egypt was known for thousands of years and evidence for its existence has been found in the pre-dynastic period. It is mainly because of the massive influence of this art that if came to be found in many aspects of Egyptian life ranging from the palaces of the royal family and nobility, to the workshops of artisans and all the way to the tombs of the wealthy. It is a fact that music was a basic part of the religious services of this ancient state and it was associated with a number of gods to whom it was dedicated. Music was used by the priests to set the mood for the people to worship the gods and the fact that these gods were worshiped using music meant that the temple musicians held an esteemed place in the society. The ability of the priests to make use of music in religious ceremonies ensured that the music of worship was completely improved by the temple musicians so that it was not only used for religious purposes, but temple music also developed into an art f orm. Such gods as Hathor and Bes tended to be associated with music and this was despite the fact that they were also associated with childbirth, fertility, and dance and this made them extremely important to musicians. All of the major known classifications of musical instruments were well represented in ancient Egypt and these were used in diverse occasions, depending on the event as well as the people who used them. Among the percussion instruments that were used by the ancient Egyptians included hand-held drums, rattles, castanets, bells, and the sistrum (Lawergren 101). The last was a very significant rattle that was used in religious worship and it is because of this that in most cases, the sistrum was found in the possession of temple musicians (Krogh and Brooke 167). It is for this reason that the sistrum was mostly represented as being in the possession of temple musicians in the illustrations that

Book of Galatians

Book of Galatians Introduction The Book of Galatians highly believed to be written by Apostle Paul was written in its original form as instructions to the Christians in southern Galatia, which was a Roman province in what is now Turkey. Galatia was the area where on his first missionary journey Paul established the congregations in Pisidia Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe . Although there have been several other books written by bible scholars alike on Pauls   letter to the Galatians but that of Ralph Martin and Julie Wu under review is by normal standard one of the best annotated books of understanding. The book is explicit and clear in its outline with the use of interesting pictures and boxes to highlight points in a very concise manner, the colour combination is attractive and makes the book appeal to reading and learning. Authorship and date Paul was attributed to have written no fewer than thirteen epistles in the New Testament. Out of this thirteen, seven are almost universally accepted, three are considered in some academic circles as other than Pauline for textual and grammatical reasons, and the other three are in dispute in those same circles. It was gathered that Paul writing documented today in the book of Galatians was a dictation through a secretary (or amanuensis), who would usually paraphrase the gist of his message, as was the practice among first-century scribes. It was also gathered that the message in the book of Galatians was first circulated among the Christians, where they were read aloud by members of the church along with other works. That was why some bible scholars regard Pauls epistles which was said to have been written between 50-62 to be one of the earliest-written books, if not the first written book of the New Testament as they were cited around c. 96 by Clement of Rome. It must be emphasised that this letter which was largely traceable to Paul was part of the intensive trips/missions to the east and west of the Aegean Sea†¦during which he concentrated in the succession of the provinces of Galatia, Macedona, Achaia and Asia Although, scholars have not agreed on a specific date because the exact year is difficult to determine, but some placed the date of Pauls writing his letter to the Galatians between 48 to 52 AD. To some scholars the date was a time when Pauls writing was put before the Jerusalem Council. According to then, the materials before the Council dealt with the issue of circumcision and the Law of Moses and whether such issue is relevant in view of the New Testament teachings. The argument here is that Pauls letter to the Galatians did not mention the Jerusalem Council and that if the council had met before the date of Pauls writing his letter, Paul would have mentioned the decisions of the apostolic council in Jerusalem. Before of this assumption, scholars believed Paul must have written this letter to the Galatians before the Jerusalem Council, which was around 48 to 49 AD. Expectedly, there is another group of scholars who argued that Pauls Galatian letter should be dated at a date after the Jerusalem Council. According to this group, Paul began his second missionary journey after the Council had met. This group cited Acts 16:4 where it was recorded that Paul revisited the churches of Galatia to deliver the decisions reached by the apostles and elders in the Jerusalem Council. They also argued that it was after this date that Paul went to Greece to teach for close to two years while on his second missionary journey, this would place the date of its being written around 52 AD. Purpose Galatians purpose was primarily to resolve the dispute among churches in Galatians. During Pauls mission in Corinth, false teachers were overturning the decision of the Jerusalem Council by claiming that the Gentile Christians must be circumcised according to the Law of Moses to be saved. To try to settle the matter, Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians from Corinth, where he was unable to leave his missionary work at the time. In other words, Paul wrote his letter to Galatians while in Corinth. Another purpose is for Paul to counter the Judaizer view. Paul was particularly interested in refuting the false teachers spread by false teachers and to remind the Galatians of the roots of their faith. The three issues surrounding false teaching Paul was trying to tackle include: That Paul was not a true apostle and did not have the full backing of the church in Jerusalem and that they (the false teachers) are the true apostle accredited by James; That while Paul brought the Galatians the gospel of Jesus Christ, he had failed to give them the full undiluted gospel and that; Without adherence to the Jewish Law, the church would have no ethical guidelines and would fall into immorality. Structure The book of Galatians has 6 Chapters, and was written in polemical style and tone, yet with a clear rhetorical structure and deep pastoral concern for the readers, to enforce the twin themes of faith and freedom (9). The book is carefully structured into five distinct parts. The first part contained greetings and introduction (Galatians 1:1-10). The second part (Galatians 1:11-2:21) was used to defend Paul apostolic ministry of the pure gospel as against the false teachers. The third part was used to defend the gospel of justification and salvation by grace and faith alone (Galatians 3:1-4:31) while the fourth part was dedicated to defending the freedom Christians have to love one another and live by the Spirit. Galatians 5:1-6:10. The last part includes conclusion and summation (Galatians 6:11-18). Conclusion This work has been to review Pauls letters to the Galatians at the time the false prophets and teachers were spreading fake counsels and heresies about Paul and his teachings. The book was structurally crafted to treat the purpose and intent of Paul in a very clear manner. Pauls Galatians is regarded as his very first epistle in the New Testament.

The Brake System of a Motor Vehicle

With advances in automobile technology, braking systems have also been constantly evolving to offer precision braking facility in modern cars. The two prime braking technologies developed over the course of time are drum brakes and disc brakes. In the following essay I am going to describe the two different types and point out the advantages and disadvantages of drum and disc brakes. Before we make a distinction between discs and drums, let me explain the basic working principle of any braking system installed in cars. When brakes are applied, vehicles come to a halt through application of friction against the wheels. Heat is generated in the process. The conversion of kinetic energy of the rotating wheels into heat slows down the wheel. Early automotive brake systems used a drum design at all four wheels. They were called drum brakes because the components were housed in a round drum that rotated along with the wheel. Inside was a set of shoes that, when the brake pedal was pressed, would force the shoes against the drum and slow the wheel. Fluid was used to transfer the movement of the brake pedal into the movement of the brake shoes. The newer one, the disc brake, works on the same basic principles to slow a vehicle, but their design is far superior to that of drum brakes. Instead of housing the major components within a metal drum, disc brakes use a slim rotor and small caliper to halt wheel movement. Within the caliper are two brake pads, one on each side of the rotor, that clamp together when the brake pedal is pressed. Once again, fluid is used to transfer the movement of the brake pedal into the movement of the brake pads. Now I will highlight the difference between drum and disc brakes. Which brake system are better and why, if any?! Disc brakes operate better than drum brakes because of the difference in dissipation of heat in both systems. The drum brake is an internal system, with the brake pads being held inside of the brake drum. As such, it is easy for heat to build up inside the unit. When heat builds up, the brakes fade and loose their stopping power. Disc brakes, on the other hand, are more exposed. This allows for the brake disc and pads to cool much easier and for the brakes to hold their stopping power. Disc brakes also perform better in wet weather, because centrifugal force tends to fling water off the brake disc and keep it dry, whereas drum brakes will collect some water on the inside surface where the brake shoes contact. The advantage of drum brakes is that they are much cheaper to manufacture than disc brakes. Also when having brake work done, the replacement of drums or shoes is less expensive than that of calipers or discs. As well, drums can double as a parking brake, further reducing the cost of production of a vehicle. With disc brakes on all four wheels, manufacturers have to build a separate parking brake in the brake rotor, adding to its cost. All in all, the main reason that drum brakes are still in use is because of cost. Today most cars have a combination of disc brakes and drum brakes in their functioning. Braking causes the car's weight to shift forward, and as a result about 70% of the work is done by the front brakes. By fitting disc brakes to the front wheels and drum brakes to the rear wheels, manufacturers can provide most of the benefits of disc brakes while lowering costs.

Tundra Biome - The Habitat Encyclopedia

The tundra is a terrestrial biome that is characterized by extreme cold, low biological diversity, long winters, brief growing seasons, and limited drainage. The harsh climate of the tundra imposes such formidable conditions on life that only the hardiest plants and animals can survive in this environment. The vegetation that grows on the tundra is restricted to a low diversity of small, ground-hugging plants that are well-adapted to survive in nutrient-poor soils. The animals that inhabit the tundra are, in most cases, migratory—they visit the tundra during the growing season to breed but then retreat to warmer, more southern latitudes or lower elevations when temperatures drop. Tundra habitat occurs in regions of the world that are both very cold and very dry. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic lies between the North Pole and the boreal forest. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Antarctic tundra occurs on the Antarctic peninsula and on the remote islands that lie off  the coast of Antarctica (such as the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands). Outside of the polar regions, there is another type of tundra—alpine tundra—which occurs at at high altitudes on mountains, above the treeline. The soils that blanket the tundra are mineral-deprived and nutrient-poor. Animal droppings and dead organic matter provide the bulk of what nourishment is present in tundra soil. The growing season is so brief that only the topmost layer of soil thaws during the warm months. Any soils below a few inches deep remain permanently frozen, creating a layer of earth known as permafrost. This permafrost layer forms a water-barrier that prevents drainage of meltwater. During the summer, any water that thaws in the upper layers of the soil is trapped, forming a patchwork of lakes and marshes across the tundra. Tundra habitats are vulnerable to the effects of climate change and scientists fear that as global temperatures rise, tundra habitats might play a role in accelerating the rise in atmospheric carbon. Tundra habitats are traditionally carbon sinks—places that store more carbon than they release. As global temperatures rise, tundra habitats  may shift from storing carbon to releasing it in massive volumes. During the summer growing season, tundra plants grow quickly and, in doing so, they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The carbon remains trapped because when the growing season ends, the plant material freezes before it can decay and release the carbon back into the environment. As temperatures rise and areas of permafrost thaw, the tundra releases  the carbon it has stored for millennia back into the atmosphere. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of tundra habitats: extreme coldlow biological diversitylong wintersbrief growing seasonlimited precipitationpoor drainagenutrient-poor soilspermafrost Classification The tundra biome is classified within the following habitat hierarchy: Biomes of the World Tundra Biome The tundra biome is divided into the following habitats: Arctic and Antarctic tundra - Arctic tundra is located in the Northern Hemisphere between the North Pole and the boreal forest. Antarctic tundra is located in the Southern Hemisphere on remote islands off the coast of Antarctica—such as the South Shetland Islands and the South Orkney Islands—and on the Antarctic peninsula. Arctic and Antarctic tundra supports about 1,700 species of plants including mosses, lichens, sedges, shrubs, and grasses.Alpine tundra - Alpine tundra is a high-altitude habitat that occurs on mountains around the world. Alpine tundra occurs at elevations that lie above the tree line. Alpine tundra soils differ from the tundra soils in polar regions in that they are usually well-drained. Alpine tundra supports tussock grasses, heaths, small shrubs, and dwarf trees. Animals of the Tundra Biome Some of the animals that inhabit the tundra biome include: Northern bog lemming (Synaptomys borealis) - The northern bog lemming is a small rodent that inhabits the tundra, bogs, and boreal forests of northern Canada and Alaska. Northern bog lemmings eat a variety of plants including grasses, mosses, and sedges. They also feed on some invertebrates such as snails and slugs. Northern bog lemmings are prey for owls, hawks, and mustelids.Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) - The arctic fox is a carnivore that inhabits the Arctic tundra. Arctic foxes feed on a variety of prey animals that includes lemmings, voles, birds, and fish. Arctic foxes have a number of adaptations to deal with the cold temperatures they must endure—including long, thick fur and an insulating layer of body fat.Wolverine (Gulo golo) - The wolverine is a large mustelid that lives in boreal forest, alpine tundra, and Arctic tundra habitats throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Wolverines are powerful predators that feed on many different mammal prey including rabbits, voles, le mmings, caribou, deer, moose, and elk. Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) - The polar bear inhabits the icecaps and Arctic tundra habitats in the Northern Hemisphere including areas of Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and the Svalbard Archipelago. Polar bears are large carnivores that feed primarily on ringed seas and bearded seals. Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) - The muskox is large hoofed mammals that live in the Arctic tundra. Muskoxen have a sturdy, bison-like appearance, short legs and long, thick fur. Muskoxen are herbivores that feed on grasses, shrubs and woody vegetation. They also eat moss and lichens.Snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) - The snow bunting is a perching bird that breeds in the Arctic tundra and in some areas of alpine tundra such as the Cairngorms in Scotland and the Cape Breton Highlands in Nova Scotia. Snow buntings migrate south during the winter months to escape the tundras coldest temperatures.Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) - The Arctic tern is a shorebird t hat breeds in the Arctic tundra and migrates 12,000 miles to over-winter along the coast of Antarctica. Arctic terns feed on fish and invertebrates such as crabs, krill, mollusks, and marine worms.